There are a total of 7 components needed to build a Computer
Motherboard
The motherboard is the main unit of the computer where all the other parts will be attached too and holds all your sockets. A high end motherboard is usually around the $100-$150 dollar range.
CPU
CPU (Central Processing Unit) - If you have knowledge of science, you might recall something called the mitochondria which is the powerhouse of the cell. When it comes to computers the CPU plays the same role as the name is Central Processing Unit. A high-end CPU can cost around $250-$400
Storage
theres two storage types, hdd or ssd. The main difference between a solid state drive (SSD) and a hard disk drive (HDD) is how data is store and accessed. An HDD is a traditional storage device that uses mechanical spinning platters and a moving read/write head to access data. SSDs are newer, faster drives that store data on instantly accessible memory chips. In this case for high performance a SSD is the way to go, a good 1 terabyte ssd will cost around the $100 mark
RAM
RAM stands for random-access memory, but what does that mean? Your computer RAM is essentially short term memory where data is stored as the processor needs it. This isn't to be confused with long-term data that's stored on your hard drive or solid state drive, which stays there even when your computer is turned off. RAM are essentially memory sticks used on a computer with the current generation of ram being DDR4 but as of 2022 DDR5 is the next generation. High end Ram will usually cost about $80-$100.
GPU
The GPU is called the graphics card, the graphics card is used to display the images, pixels, or polygons onto the screen. The Graphics card is one of if not the most critical component when it comes to high end performance and graphics. Graphics cards are gonna be the most expensive part of a pc build. Due to current world events there been a shortage of graphics cards which has caused them to be sold at a ridiculously inflated price. But starting from March 2022 prices are slowly starting to fall. A high end GPU can cost up to $400-$1,500
PSU
The PSU or Power supply is your main power source, this is what is plugged into an outlet to give your computer power. Usually not much detail is needed for power supplys but if your computer is a high performance computer youll need to get a power supply that can match that power. If a power supply doesn’t match the rest of the computers power it can lead to long term issues going forward. Typically high end power supplys can cost around $60-$150
Case
with all the computer components being talked about its easy to forget the most obvious component, a case. Cases can be extremely diverse and is usually up to personal preference. There are two things to consider though, the size and air intake. Pc components aren't too big individually but together they can be sizeable especially the graphics card which is a horizontal object with fans so it can be a long object. And secondly air intake is even more important, the components need airflow because these parts can get pretty hot especially when its full power is being used, so getting a case with fans and air intake is a must. Cases usually sell for approximately $100 (fans usually being included with the case)