Turret
The turrets in this game protect the enemy, and also it protects their base. In order to win the game you most destoy the torrets. They also grant golds.

Dragons
There are 4 normal dragons, each game you can get any combinations of what are the Infernal Dragon, The Mount Dragon, The Ocean Dragon and the Clud Dragon. They're called the Elemental Dragons ans each of them give you differest boost.

The Infernal Dragon: increase the damage that you dial.
The Mountain Drafon: give you defences boost.
The Ocean Dragon: Grants you life regeneration boost.
The Cloud Dragon: Give you movement speed Boost
Also after you kill all the dragons, the Elder Dragon spawns, which grants you the ability to instantly kill any of your enemies if they drop under 30% health points.

Rift Herald
Before the Baron spawns, the Rift Herald takes it's place. It's a small objective to secure. But it's really powerful because it does a lot of damage to towers.
the herald Charge a attack, that damages towers

Baron Nashor

The Baron is another objective on the map, when killed it grants you extra Attack Damage and Ability power. It also powers up your minions.
Inhibitor

When you destroy all the towers, and approach the enemy's base there's an inhibitor. The inhibitor is there to stop Super minions from spawning. When you destroy the enemy's inhibitor, your minions gain the ability to spawn a super minion

Super minions are much stronger minions that deal more damage, and can tank more hits.
Nexus

The nexus is the end goal of the game. It is guarded by 2 towers. And when you destroy it you win the game.